Microemulsion systems to enhance the transdermal permeation of ivermectin in dogs: A preliminary in vitro study.

This study aims to evaluate the influence of the phase behavior of microemulsions in the transdermal administration ("spot-on") of ivermectin, an antiparasitic drug widely used in the treatment of endoparasites and ectoparasites in dogs. In this regard, pseudoternary phase diagrams composed of water (aqueous phase), isopropyl myristate (oil phase), tween 80 (surfactant) and labrasol (cosurfactant) were obtained in a different surfactant: cosurfactant (S:CS) ratios. S:CS in 1:3 ratio presented a larger region of microemulsion formation and three microemulsions were selected from it and characterized. Subsequently, in vitro permeation and retention studies were conducted using canine skin as membrane. SAXS, rheology and conductivity data were employed to confirm the phase behavior of the microemulsions (w/o, bicontinuous or o/w). The cutaneous permeation and retention tests showed that the w/o microemulsion, followed by bicontinuous microemulsion, resulted in a higher amount of drug permeated through canine skin, suggesting better transdermal permeation. On the other hand, o/w microemulsion resulted in a higher amount of drug accumulated into the skin, suggesting better topical activity. Thus, it can be concluded that phase behavior of microemulsions influenced the drug permeation in the canine skin differently from other animal models. Microemulsions, especially w/o and bicontinuous, can be promising vehicles regarding the transdermal delivery of ivermectin.

Eficácia do travoprosta 0, 004% na redução da pressão intraocular em pacientes com glaucoma / Travoprosta 0, 004% efficacy in intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma

Resumo Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia do colírio TRAVAMED® (travoprosta 0,004%) (Ofta, Brasil) na redução da pressão intraocular (PIO), em pacientes com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto (GPAA) ou hipertensão ocular (HO), bem como avaliar os efeitos colaterais decorrentes do uso da droga. Métodos: estudo randomizado, controlado, com 70 olhos de 38 pacientes acima de 18 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de GPAA ou HO. Todos os pacientes receberam o colírio TRAVAMED® como primeira droga a ser introduzida no tratamento, tendo sido utilizada uma gota uma vez ao dia (à noite), e 30 dias após foram submetidos à tonometria de aplanação (Goldmann) para mensuração da PIO, com o mesmo examinador, no mesmo tonômetro e nos mesmos horários. Resultados: A média de redução da PIO após 30 dias de uso do TRAVAMED® foi de 7,46 mmHg. Em relação aos efeitos colaterais, 15,71% (11) dos olhos apresentaram hiperemia conjuntival, 8,57% (6) apresentaram dor, 8,57% (6) apresentaram ardência, 2,86% (2) apresentaram embaçamento visual e em 1,56% (1) dos olhos não houve queda significativa da PIO. Conclusão: A medicação TRAVAMED® foi eficiente na redução da PIO após 30 dias de uso contínuo, na dose de 1x/dia. Acerca dos efeitos colaterais, os mais observados foram hiperemia ocular (15,71%), dor (8,57%) e ardência (8,57%), porém estudos com maior tempo de seguimento se fazem necessários.

Abstract Objective: to evaluate how much decreases intraocular pressure (IOP) with TRAVAMED® (travoprost 0,004%) (Germed, Brazil) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OH) and possible side effects. Methods: controlled and randomized study, it was evaluated 70 eyes of 38 patients with age of 18 years old or more diagnosed with POAG and OH. All the patients had TRAVAMED® as first drop for treatment used once daily (at night) and 30 days later they had IOP measured by Goldmann tonometry, with the same examiner in the same tonometer at the same times. Results: the mean decrease in IOP was 7,46 mmHg after 30 days using the drops. 15.71% (11) of eyes had conjunctival redness, 8.57% (6) had pain, 8.57% (6) had burning, 2.86% (2) had blurring vision and 1.56% (1) of the eyes there wasn't a significant reduction in IOP. Conclusion: TRAVAMED® was efficient when evaluating IOP decrease. The most correlated side effects were conjunctival redness (15.71%), pain (8.57%) and burning (8.57%), but studies with longer follow-up are needed.